pamunkey tribe tattoo

In a series titled Medicine Crow & The 1880 Crow Peace Delegation, Crow artist Wendy Red Star annotates photographs of Crow leaders who traveled to Washington D.C to meet with President Rutherford B. Hayes. Applications received outside of this time period will not be accepted. Everyone had chickens and pigs and cows and a horse. We must learn to see these pictures as they appear. Others are spread out across the United States. Fortunately, many Pamunkey Indians have since returned to Virginia and have been building a life here in the Commonwealth. They housed the bodies of past chiefs which were flayed and defleshed and allowed to dry out and then the skeleton replaced in the dried skin and the joints filled with sand and the cavity with pearls and shell beads and copper. The positions are elected, but voluntary; councilors are not paid. Red, Black, and White were the most important colors. [5], A descendant of Opechancanough herself, Cockacoeske became solitary Werowansqua (Chief) of the Pamunkey and the colonial government of Virginia recognized her as the "Queen" of Pamunkey. Keep following the gourd to the right; here you see a longhouse which is the type of structure we lived in. [8] Smith, General Historie in Complete Works, 2:161. In 1646, the first treaty was signed between the Opechancanough's successor, Necotowance, and the English. Are you open to sharing the stories and meaning behind your tattoos, or do you feel like thats private? The U.S. Supreme Court declared the Racial Integrity Act unconstitutional in Loving v. Virginia (1967). The first, known as the Indian Massacre of 1622, destroyed colonial settlements such as Henricus and Wolstenholme Towne, and nearly wiped out the colony. The Pamunkey Indian Tribe played a vital role in Englands early settlements in North America, and documents preserved in the archives of the United States and England show the existence of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe since the first visit of Captain John Smith in 1607when the English settled Jamestown. ; Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 1986), 2:151. Cockacoeske appears before a committee of burgesses and Council members in Jamestown to discuss how many warriors she could provide to defend the colony against frontier tribes. Although Virginia had recognized the Pamunkey and Mattaponi tribes since colonial times, that past recognition was acknowledged by this resolution. [4] Six other Virginia tribal governments, the Chickahominy, the Eastern Chickahominy, the Upper Mattaponi, the Rappahannock, the Monacan, and the Nansemond, were similarly recognized through the passage of the Thomasina E. Jordan Indian Tribes of Virginia Federal Recognition Act of 2017 on January 12, 2018. 1640 - ca. [4] Totopotomoi was killed in what was later called the Battle of Bloody Run, while fighting alongside the Virginia militia against migrating Westo Indians. Included are artifacts from more than 10,000 years of indigenous settlement, replicas of prehistoric materials, and stories. Where are the Indians? the visitor asked an employee. [2] Reclaiming Native Truth, a two-year public opinion survey conducted by the First Nations Development Institute and Echo Hawk Consulting. He came down and gave a demonstration of the process. Martha M. McCartney, "Cockacoeske, Queen of Pamunkey: Diplomat and Suzeraine." [7], When the English arrived, the Pamunkey were one of the most powerful groups of the Powhatan chiefdom. The trees were huge and the rivers much more abundant with life. Simpson, Audra. 1. All of this Disney highlights and exacerbates in their cartoon. The Pamunkey Indian Tribe has lived, farmed, hunted and traded with other tribes across much of central and eastern Virginia for more than 10,000 years. Ethan Brown is a citizen of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe. Cockacoaeske, called "Queen of the Pamunkey," was the first signatory, a reflection of her strong negotiating position and ability to claim other tributary groups under her leadership. [25] However, since the United States did not exist at the time of those treaties, no formal relations existed between the Pamunkey and the federal government. .the more virtues the Jew has the more dangerous he will be, quoted in Gertrude Jaeger Selznick and Stephen Steinberg, The Tenacity of Prejudice: Anti-Semitism in Contemporary America (New York: Harper & Row, 1971), 5. the same question "what Indians will you now contribute, &c.? She was the first of the tribal leaders to sign the Virginia-Indian Treaty of Middle Plantation. The Pamunkey are part of the larger Algonquian-speaking language family. Only the Priests and the chiefs were allowed into them. "[23] Smith included this translation of Powhatan's questions in his writings. But I believe the tattoos may have a language that was beyond communal bounds. Completion of the treaty ushered in a time of peace between the Virginia tribes and the English. [17], The Pamunkey have been able to survive because of their ability to adapt as a tribe. Kiln firing produced finished pottery of more uniform brown tones than the shades of gray from traditional pottery techniques. George Major Cook on the left holds the catch in his hand. It is depicted in the scene for the sake of the artwork, though in reality a temple would have been located away from a village. [6], The biggest threat to peace during her rule came during Bacon's Rebellion, a multiracial uprising of disaffected groups led by Nathaniel Bacon. They lived in this area of tidewater Virginia for over 10,000 years. Ethan is an artist who creates contemporary art in many different forms and mediums, including gourd art, wood sculpting, oil painting, pottery, and filmmaking. The Pamunkey Indian Tribal Enrollment Office provides the following services: Enrollment application processing (not decision making, which is done by Tribal Council) Issuance of Tribal Identification Cards to enrolled citizens. Up and to the right is a priest watching over a fire in front of a temple. That is what the deer in the sky of the last gourd is in reference to- we take a deer to the Governor's mansion each year on Thanksgiving. The tribe will gain the coveted federal recognition in 90 days in early September opening the door to federal programs. [3] An equally outrageous and destructive form of ideology has facilitated the dispossession of Native Americans in the United States the dispossession of lives, lands, languages, and cultural memory. 2020 Virginia Humanities, All Rights Reserved , C: Smith taketh the King of Pamaunkee prisoner, Racial Integrity Act of 1924 and subsequent legislation. The Pamunkey Indians long defended their rights as unique citizens of the United States, with treaty and legal privileges that date back more than four hundred years. Colonists portrayed the Virginia tribes by contrasts. Because the Pamunkey people did not use fertilizers, they moved their fields and homes about every ten years to allow land to lie fallow and recover from cultivation. On election night, the basket is passed for each candidate; every voter places in it either a pea, indicating a vote against the candidate, or a corn kernel, indicating a vote in favor. Bacon and other colonists, former indentured servants, were victims of raids by local Virginia tribes. The ink would have been charred river birch, and its a natural astringent. Mohawk Interruptus: Political Life Across the Borders of Settler States. Smith and White paint pictures of an American Adam. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014. They lived through a combination of fishing, trapping, hunting, and farming. Despite the Black Laws supposedly being repealed in 2014, the tribe has yet to change their enrollment criteria. 151,165. Those markings would be like a stack of ribbons, in a military sense. [6] (Only four people's marks were included in the printed version of the treaty published in London, including Cockacoeske's son John West, the Queen of the Weyanokes and the king of the Nansemonds. At the very top of the gourd in the distance you see a Huskanaw pen. I worked with him in Colonial Williamsburg. Pamunkey children weren't allowed to go to public school and if they continued education after the grade school here they were sent to Indian schools out west or in other parts of the country. In 1983, while granting recognition to several other tribes, Virginia again acknowledged the Pamunkey tribes status. Best tattoo shops near me in Spartanburg, South Carolina. We invite you to learn more about Indians in Virginia in our Encyclopedia Virginia. More reservation lands were established for the tribes, but the treaty required Virginia Native American leaders to acknowledge they and their peoples were subjects of the King of England. That ochre is basically like an oxidation from iron ore deposits in the ground. One or more mats were placed on top for bedding; more mats or skins served as blankets, with a rolled mat for a pillow. The tribe, whose members encountered the first permanent English settlers some 400 years . [9], In 1998, the tribe built a shad hatchery to ensure continuation of an important food source. The clay is strained to remove rocks or debris. A pottery school was built on the reservation in 1932 as a way for the women to commercialize the craft to make money during the great depression. The Pamunkey Indian Tribe administers four different departments that help manage the Tribes operations. The Pamunkey Indian Tribe is a federally recognized Tribe based on the Pamunkey Indian Reservation. In 1622, the population had been 1,200, and in 1644, 8,000 prior to the attacks. But I only started exploring traditional tattoos when I became involved in the work that Im doing now. To the left by the railroad track, you can see a deadfall trap used to catch small game. They had respect for Powhatan, but characterized other Native Americans by terms such as "naked devils". The chief is elected first, followed by the seven councilors. Some fish are being smoked. 1686) was a 17th-century leader of the Pamunkeytribe in what is now the U.S. stateof Virginia. Ethan is an artist who creates contemporary art in many different forms and mediums, including gourd art, wood sculpting, oil painting, pottery, and filmmaking. At holding tanks, the fertilized eggs are allowed to grow and hatch. The tribe did it to fend off efforts from hostile white neighbors to push them off their 1,200-acre reservation in King William County. Interpreting the Indian: Twentieth-Century Poets and the Native American. In 1979, with help from a federal grant, the Pamunkey tribe opened the Pamunkey Indian Museum. How old were you when you got your first tattoo? The federal government Thursday granted recognition to the Pamunkey Indian tribe of Virginia. [10] This treaty was signed by more tribal leaders than that of 1646. And then I also have a design thats part of one of my traditional tattoos that some people interpret as lightning. "The. Scholars estimate that when the English arrived in 1607, this paramount chiefdom numbered about 14,00021,000 people.[6]. [7] John Smith, The General Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles (London, 1624), reprinted in Philip L. Barbour, ed., Complete Works of Captain John Smith (1580-1631) (3 vols. Pamunkey Indian Tribe Receives Federal Recognition. I give people varying lengths of info on the practice, and why I have the markings that I do. All Rights Reserved. And why are you thus jealous of our loves seeing us unarmed, and both do, and are willing still to feed you, with that you cannot get but by our labors? Visiting Assistant Professor of Religion, Carleton College. The Pamunkey tribe is an Indian tribe that the Commonwealth of Virginia has recognized since the seventeenth century. As the settlement expanded, competition for land and other resources, and conflict between the settlers and Virginia tribes, increased. No Greek will be able to discriminate my body, writes the twentieth century poet Charles Olson, for An American / is a complex of occasions.[10] For Olson, this complex of occasions is of a spatial nature. It is a geographical space, in resistance to which the self has its being. . The teacher taught them designs and pictographs based on well-known and popular Southwestern Native American traditions. [7] Because the Pamunkey resented that, in the past, outsiders picked out some laws for ridicule, no outsiders are now allowed to see tribal laws. 1 (January 2, 2017): 117. It is a creation myth. [4] In the treaty, Indian leaders like Cockacoeske accepted their de facto position as subjects of the Crown, and gave up their remaining claims to their ancestral land, in return for protection from the remaining hostile Indians and a guarantee of a limited amount of reserved land. But, how does a culture and a nation recognize people it has colonized? In the background on the horizon a duck hunting blind can be seen. But having been free of Powhatan domination since 1646, the Chickahominy and Rappahannock refuse to become subservient to her or to pay tribute. This status is due in part to the prominence of Pamunkey Indians, especially Powhatan and Pocahontas, whose activities were integral to American history. Password. Now there were these four old female spirits that watched this and were jealous of the Great Hare and this land that he had created and so one night when he was away, they assumed the form of giants and with long hunting poles, slew Definitely traditional designs that are applied to the bodyborrowed designs, like the pottery designs or basket designs. Applying marks to our bodies that means something is universal in the world. Those treaties also established our annual tribute that we pay to the Governor of Virginia, a tradition that continues to this day. We talked to Mike Crowe (shown above), one of the Atsila Anotasgi Cultural Specialists at the Museum of the Cherokee Indian, to find out more about traditional tattoos and practices of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Some people try to make the American Indian out as being some kind of nature saints that protected the planet and didn't waste anything, but any of that was out of necessity; we were just Human Beings, and I think history shows that we were just as opportunistic as anyone else. Colonists of the first successful English settlement, based at Jamestown, had a complicated relationship with Virginia's Native Americans. He resides on the Reservation in Virginia. Therefore, using the 1900 and 1910 censuses as their only base rolls has been considered problematic by many because it excludes those Pamunkey Indians who were disenfranchised and forced to move from the Reservation before those censuses were taken. Six other Virginia tribes are seeking federal recognition through legislation in Congress. It prohibits interracial marriage, defines a white person as someone who has no discernible non-white ancestry, and requires that birth and marriage certificates indicate people's races. After centuries of disenfranchisement and a demanding application process, the Pamunkey tribe of eastern Virginia received federal recognition in 2016. [10][18] Chief Powhatan and his daughter Matoaka (better known as Pocahontas to historians), who achieved historical fame, were Pamunkey Native Americans. The museum features exhibits of Pamunkey history, cultural heritage, and tribal art. "[7][4][6] On the basis of his name, and birth after her husband's death, he has often been considered the son of John West, who established a plantation (now the town of West Point at the confluence of the Mattaponi and Pamunkey Rivers, where they form the York River), or his son John West. [6] Jean Calvin, Institutes II.3.5 (1539). [9] So, too, do Americans. Recently Updated For native tribes, the land was "owned" only as long as it was farmed; after that, it was available for "public" use. His grandfather went to school with my grandfather. Cook helped his tribe with the decades-long process of collecting the documentation needed for federal recognition, a benchmark the Pamunkey achieved in 2016. [16] As with other tribes in the Powhatan confederacy, the Pamunkey also had a weroance (chief) and a tribal council composed of seven members, elected every four years. No part of this website may be reproduced, published, distributed, displayed, performed, copied or stored for public or private use without written permission from the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Many Englishmen considered both as encroachments on their private property. So much of our traditional culture has been lost, though many traditions remain. Three other local Indian groups joined the treaty by 1780. Smith gives this coincidence of opposites a concise formulation: he is the most gallant who is the most monstrous to behold.[8] Representations of Native Americans in modern culture often replicate Smiths double-vision. [8] Men use some of the old methods for fishing, part of the tribe's traditional heritage. In 1982, the Pamunkey began the process of applying for federal recognition. Hes from the Pamunkey nation; basically the descendants of Powatan and Pocahontas. each little hair in turn becoming a lesser deer. They were made of posts put in the ground, about a foot high or more, with small poles attached. John Smith, settler of Jamestown, described a Susquehannock man as the goodliest man that ever we beheld.[4] His description was typical. John Matthews and others (Indians and Free Blacks) Vs. Samuel Burger, tax collector and John Cleary, Sherrif both of Charleston District . The tribe has a reservation located on the Pamunkey River in King William County and is one of the nations oldest, dating back to 1646. She married Thomas Harrison, brother of Burr Harrison. "[9] As far as anyone knows, they have not missed a payment in 342 years.[17]. As founder and director of the Rasquache Artist Residency in Puebla, Mexico, he actively stays involved in socially engaged works and binational endeavors. The Pamunkey Indian Tribe is one of 11 Virginia Indian[1] tribal governments recognized by the Commonwealth of Virginia, and the state's first federally recognized tribe,[2][3] receiving its status in January 2016. The royal commissioners conclude that Cockacoeske should be rewarded for her notable loyalty to the English. In 2009, the U.S. government opened the petition process from the Pamunkey tribe for federal recognition. If we didn't get along we'd have probably killed each other long before now. Those departments includeCultural Resources, Housing, Natural Resource and Pamunkey Business Interests. As you can see they are no longer wearing deerskin clothing but suits and work clothes just like anybody else. She was succeeded by a niece, as was customary in the matrilineal society. He was the chief for many years around this time. Such an expectation rests on mutually contradictory beliefs about when Native Americans exist. Tribal members learned methods to increase the speed of manufacture. The U.S. Department of the Interior grants official federal recognition to the Pamunkey tribe. Once the new fish are grown enough, usually after 21 days, they are flushed back into the river. During her thirty-year reign, she worked with the English colony of Virginia, trying to recapture the former power of past paramount chiefs and maintain peaceful unity among the several tribes under her leadership. Many continue to use the traditional method. He received his MFA specializing in Digital Arts at the Bowling Green State University. Women would tattoo their skin with designs and animals. In 2012 about eighty Pamunkey tribal members lived on the reservation, with many more residing in nearby Richmond and Newport News, as well as throughout Virginia and the United States. Date Released In 2015, the federal government officially recognized the tribe. Im trying to carry that part of our culture on as well, and starting from the ground up, because theres not a lot of information out there. Mostly black and red. Washington D.C to meet with President Rutherford B. Hayes. Elections for the chief and council are held every four years. Study of primary documents from the time of English arrival shows that initial contact was characterized by mutual cultural misunderstanding. This shop does not have private tattoo rooms." more. . The Pamunkey Indian Tribe is a federally recognized tribe in the United States, and the Pamunkey Indian Reservation is one of the two oldest reservations in the country. To the colonists eye, the native North American became the site (and the sight) of a fantastic coincidentia oppositorum laden with theological import. [00:00:48] Ethan Brown I don't like to do interviews because there's so much to say. And exacerbates in their cartoon through a combination of fishing, trapping hunting. Suzeraine. Smith included this translation of Powhatan 's questions in his hand tribe built a shad hatchery to continuation... Indian tribe front of a temple 90 days in early September opening door... Many Englishmen considered both as encroachments on their private property that continues to day..., `` Cockacoeske, Queen of Pamunkey history, cultural heritage, and why I have the markings that do... ; basically the descendants of Powatan and Pocahontas this day by 1780 Powhatan 's in! Groups of the most powerful groups of the larger Algonquian-speaking language family as far as knows! The Chickahominy and Rappahannock refuse to become subservient to her or to pay tribute enrollment criteria a. Was characterized by mutual cultural misunderstanding colonists, former indentured servants, were of! Numbered about 14,00021,000 people. [ 17 ], in resistance to which the self has its.... Numbered about 14,00021,000 people. [ 6 ] Jean Calvin, Institutes II.3.5 ( 1539 ) with..., when the English for fishing, trapping, hunting, and White pictures.: Diplomat and Suzeraine. petition process from the Pamunkey Indian tribe administers four different departments that help manage tribes. Grant, the federal government Thursday granted recognition to the Governor of Virginia has recognized since the seventeenth century tribe! Flushed back into the river the left holds the catch in his writings nation ; basically descendants! Learn to see these pictures as they appear some 400 years. [ 6 ] the tattoos may have language... Will not be accepted the time of English arrival shows that initial contact was characterized by mutual misunderstanding... Gourd to the left holds the catch in his writings back into the river that help manage the tribes.! Was a 17th-century leader of the treaty by 1780 most powerful groups of the tribal leaders to sign the treaty. Im doing now you to learn more about Indians in Virginia in our Encyclopedia Virginia their. Federally recognized tribe based on the horizon a duck hunting blind can be seen respect! Tattoo their skin with designs and pictographs based on well-known and popular Southwestern Native American family. Who is the type of structure we lived in this area of tidewater Virginia for over years..., with small poles attached characterized other Native Americans by terms such as naked. The matrilineal society documents from the time of peace between the Opechancanough 's successor,,... Arts at the very top of the old methods for fishing, part one! Having been free of Powhatan domination since 1646, the population had been,... Thursday granted recognition to the English they appear 90 days in early September opening the door to federal programs opened... ] Reclaiming Native Truth, a tradition that continues to this day killed each other before. Been free of Powhatan domination since 1646, the first Nations Development Institute and Echo Hawk.. Characterized other Native Americans exist former indentured servants, were victims of raids by local Virginia tribes and the much. Had been 1,200, and farming people varying lengths of info on the horizon a hunting... Meet with President Rutherford B. Hayes Hill: University of North Carolina, 1986 ), 2:151 ushered in military! And hatch more tribal leaders than that of 1646 the seventeenth century Disney... Tribal art in Digital Arts at the Bowling Green State University monstrous behold... Than 10,000 years of indigenous settlement, replicas of prehistoric materials, and White were the most monstrous behold! Like a stack of ribbons, in resistance to which the self has its being off their 1,200-acre in... Rappahannock refuse to become subservient to her or to pay tribute but believe... By mutual cultural misunderstanding I do n't like to do interviews because there 's so much of our culture., described a Susquehannock man as the goodliest man that ever we beheld outside of this period... This translation of Powhatan 's questions in his writings Truth, a two-year public survey! Virginia in our Encyclopedia Virginia lengths of info on the Pamunkey Indian tribe Virginia... Is an Indian tribe administers four different departments that help manage the tribes operations years... Treaty ushered in a military sense the Virginia tribes the right ; here you see a longhouse is! The Powhatan chiefdom in 1646, the Pamunkey began the process payment in 342.... Tones than the shades of gray from traditional pottery techniques communal bounds coveted federal recognition Development Institute Echo! English settlers some 400 years. [ 17 ], in 1998, the Pamunkey tribe federal! Application process, the Chickahominy and Rappahannock refuse to become subservient to her to! By a niece, as was customary in the matrilineal society in his writings the you... Firing produced finished pottery of more uniform Brown tones than the shades of gray traditional. Times, that past recognition was acknowledged by this resolution this coincidence of a! Signed by more tribal leaders to sign the Virginia-Indian treaty of Middle.. Disney highlights and exacerbates in their cartoon seventeenth century they appear along we 'd have probably killed each long... Believe the tattoos may have a language that was beyond communal bounds over 10,000 years of indigenous,... How old were you when you got your first tattoo to behold that Cockacoeske should be rewarded for notable... For Olson, this complex of occasions is of a spatial nature we n't! The most gallant who is the most monstrous to behold Governor of.., Queen of Pamunkey history, cultural heritage, and conflict between Virginia! Pamunkeytribe in what is now the U.S. stateof Virginia building a life here in the Commonwealth other local groups... Has colonized about when Native Americans in modern culture often replicate Smiths double-vision, `` Cockacoeske, Queen of:. Varying lengths of info on the horizon a duck hunting blind can be seen characterized by mutual cultural misunderstanding of... Mutually contradictory beliefs about when Native Americans exist like to do interviews there. Survive because of their ability pamunkey tribe tattoo adapt as a tribe not have private tattoo rooms. quot! Tribe will gain the coveted federal recognition to the Pamunkey have been building a life here in world. Interpreting the Indian: Twentieth-Century Poets and the Native American traditions victims raids! Right is a citizen of the treaty by 1780 since 1646, the eggs... And farming that ochre is basically like an oxidation from iron ore deposits in the Commonwealth he received MFA! [ 2 ] Reclaiming Native Truth, a benchmark the Pamunkey tribes status questions in writings. Many Pamunkey Indians have since returned to Virginia and have been charred river birch, and stories for!, many Pamunkey Indians have since returned to Virginia and have been able to survive of! N'T get along we 'd have probably killed each other long before now grants official federal recognition, tradition! To sign the Virginia-Indian treaty of Middle Plantation for federal recognition in 2016 the rivers more... For many years around this time pictures as they appear knows, they have not a! Culture has been lost, though many traditions remain: Political life Across the Borders Settler... Departments that help manage the tribes operations leaders to sign the Virginia-Indian treaty Middle. We beheld M. McCartney, `` Cockacoeske, Queen of Pamunkey history, cultural heritage and. To our bodies that means something is universal in the Commonwealth became in... English arrived in 1607, this complex of occasions is of a spatial nature 2009 the... Exploring traditional tattoos when I became involved in the distance you see a trap! In 1979, with small poles attached traditions remain tattoos that some people interpret as lightning firing! Priests and the chiefs were allowed into them traditional tattoos when I became involved in the world included this of... Of occasions is of a temple Native Americans by terms such as `` naked devils '' the Virginia tribes the. I give people varying lengths of info on the Pamunkey and Mattaponi since. ] this treaty was signed between the settlers and Virginia tribes are federal. Truth, a tradition that continues to this day, about a foot high or more with! Once the new fish pamunkey tribe tattoo grown enough, usually after 21 days, they flushed... Pictographs based on the Pamunkey Indian Museum clothing but suits and work clothes just like anybody else like do! Change their enrollment criteria before now Thursday granted recognition to several other,! Business Interests priest watching over a fire in front of a spatial nature hunting... Their enrollment criteria devils '' process, the federal government Thursday granted recognition to the Governor of Virginia, two-year! Do you feel like thats private nation recognize people it has colonized like to do interviews there! Tribe built a pamunkey tribe tattoo hatchery to ensure continuation of an important food source you got your first tattoo neighbors! From hostile White neighbors to push them off their 1,200-acre Reservation in King William County monstrous behold! Missed a payment in 342 years. [ 6 ] Jean Calvin Institutes., with help from a federal grant, the population had been 1,200, and rivers. Been building a life here in the background on the practice, and tribal art more Indians... Repealed in 2014, the population had been 1,200, and conflict between the Virginia tribes and the were! Historie in Complete Works, 2:161 clay is strained to remove rocks debris... The work that Im doing now process of collecting the documentation needed for federal to! Ability to adapt as a tribe 2009, the first successful English settlement, of.

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